How Many Grams In 700ml

Calculations are an integral part of pharmacy. It is of import in do to exist able to accurately complete them and to bank check the work of colleagues to ensure patients receive the correct treatment at the right dose. The "Peppermint Water" case, that resulted in the decease of a child, is a tragic instance of what can happen when calculations go incorrect.

For those applying for preregistration places the numeracy test is designed to assess mathematical ability rather than clinical knowledge. Information technology is role of the Oriel assessment and involves 10 calculation questions that must be answered in xv minutes. The answers are entered into a 'free text' box instead of multiple choice. The results from this, and other aspects of the oriel awarding process, are used when ranking applicants applying for preregistration placements.

The post-obit calculation types may be included in the numeracy test:

Dilutions;
Concentrations (e.grand. expressed every bit w/five, % or 1 in x);
Dosage and unit conversions;
Doses and dose regimens;
Quantities to supply;
Using provided formulae.

Those undergoing the Oriel recruitment process should be familiar with the different assessments and should pay particular attention to understanding how to tackle pharmaceutical calculations to ensure good practices are observed (run across Box 1: Top tips to call up). Run across Box 2 for additional advice from those who have recently completed the numeracy assessment.

Box one: Top tips to remember

Circular at the end of the calculation unless working out a dose involving a tablet or capsule;
Check to make sure your answer makes sense and that it is realistic (eastward.g. is this a dose y'all could feasibly see in the chemist's?);
Is the answer logical (due east.one thousand. if y'all are diluting a 5% solution, then the terminal concentration MUST exist less than 5%);
Read the question at least twice before answering;
Do not forget to round as per the instructions in the question.

Below are two examples for each of the in a higher place calculation types mentioned previously.

Dilutions

Example one

What book, in mL, of 0.9% west/5 NaCl can exist fabricated from 100mL of nine% w/v NaCl?

Method:

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

Where C1 = 0.9%

V1 = ?

C2 = 9%

V2 = 100mL

Therefore:

0.ix% x V1 = 9% x 100mL

V1 = (9% ten 100mL) / 0.9%

= 900 / 0.9%

= 1,000mL

Answer:

1,000mL

Tip: Another way to think nigh it is that as 0.9% is ten times less than ix%, we will need x times more h2o than 100mL

Example two

How much water, in mL, needs to be added to 300mL of a 2% west/v solution of potassium permanganate to reduce the concentration to 0.05% w/5.

Method:

C1 x V1 = C2 10 V2

2% ten 300mL = 0.05% x V2

V2 = (two% x 300mL) / 0.05%

= 600 / 0.05%

= 12,000mL

The key give-and-take is "added" here.

Amount of water to exist added = 12,000mL – 300mL = 11,700mL

Answer:

11,700mL

Concentrations

Instance 1

How many milligrams of potassium permanganate are at that place in 400mL of a 0.04% w/v solution?

Method:

0.04% w/v

= 0.04g in 100mL

= 0.16g in 400mL

= 160mg

Respond:

160mg

Instance 2

How many milligrams of potassium permanganate are there in 200mL of a 1 in 1,000 solution?

Method:

1 in ane,000

= 1g in one,000mL

= 0.1g in 100mL

= 0.2g in 200mL

0.2g = 200mg

Answer:

200mg

Dosage and unit of measurement conversions

Case i

A baby is prescribed paracetamol 90mg iv times per twenty-four hours, when required, for pyrexia.

How many microlitres of paracetamol 120mg/5mL should exist given for a single dose?

Method:

120mg in 5mL

= 60mg in two.5mL

= 30mg in 1.25mL

= 90mg in 3.75mL

3.75mL = 3,750 microlitres

Reply:

three,750 microlitres

Example two

A man aged 50 years, weighing 40kg, is prescribed drug C at a total daily dose of 25 milligram/kg in two divided doses. Drug C is available equally a 1% west/five solution.

How many mL should he take at each dose?

Method:

Full daily dose = 25mg ten 40

= ane,000mg

= 1g daily in two divided doses

1g / 2 = 0.5g twice daily

one% westward/v = 1g in 100mL

= 0.5g in 50mL

Answer:

50mL per dose

Doses and dose regimens

Example 1

A doc prescribes 250mg amoxicillin capsules with instructions for the patient to take One capsule THREE times per twenty-four hours for FIVE days.

Calculate, in grams, the full weight of amoxicillin taken past the patient. Give your reply to ii decimal places.

Method:

Each day the patient takes iii ten 250mg

= 750mg amoxicillin

So, in five days the patient takes v x 750mg

= 3750mg

= 3.75g

Answer:

3.75g

Case two

A patient weighs 68kg. The recommended dosing for enoxaparin is ane.5mg/kg.

What dose, in mg, is recommended for him?

Method:

68kg x 1.5mg

= 102mg

Answer:

102mg

Quantities to supply

Case ane

In your community pharmacy, a human being presents an outpatient prescription for amiodarone:

Amiodarone 200mg three times per day for seven days,

then 200mg twice-daily for vii days,

then 200mg once-daily thereafter.

Treatment duration — 21 days

Summate the number of 200mg tablets y'all need to dispense.

Method:

Calendar week	Tablets per twenty-four hour period	Tablets per week
i	3	21
2	2	14
three	1	7
Total		42

Reply:

42 tablets

Case 2

A patient is prescribed prednisolone as a reducing dose course. He is to take 15mg once-daily, reducing by 5mg every v days until the grade is finished.

How many 5mg tablets would need to be supplied to complete the course?

Method:

15mg for 5 days = 3 10 5mg tablets x five days = 15 tablets

10mg for 5 days = 2 x 5mg tablets ten 5 days = x tablets

5mg for 5 days = 1 10 5mg tablets x 5 days = five tablets

15 + 10 + 5 = 30 tablets

Answer:

30 tablets

Using provided formulae

Example ane

How much wool alcohols ointment will y'all demand to set 200g of Salicylic Acrid Ointment BP?

Recipe for Salicylic Acid Ointment BP:

Salicylic acid, finely sifted (2g);

Wool alcohols ointment (to 100g).

Method:

Amount of wool alcohols ointment needed for 100g is 100-two = 98g, so for 200g:

(200g/100g) 10 98g = 196g

Answer:

196g

Example ii

Summate the quantity of sodium bicarbonate in grams required to produce 20mL of effluvious magnesium carbonate mixture.

Recipe for aromatic magnesium carbonate mixture:

Light magnesium carbonate (300mg)

Sodium bicarbonate (500mg)

Effluvious cardamom tincture (0.3mL)

Chloroform water, double force (5mL)

Water (to 10mL)

Method:

500mg = 0.5g

Multiply by 2

0.5g x 2 = 1g

Answer:

Information technology is of import to know which models of calculators are immune — this is explained in the Oriel applicant handbook for preregistration programmes commencing in 2021 and in this article past
The Pharmaceutical Periodical.

Box ii: Advice from previous Oriel applicants

Source: Emmanuella Aryee

"Prepare adequately"

My advice would be to prepare adequately by practicing at least v pharmaceutical calculations each solar day leading up to the assessment. It is easier to exercise calculations ahead of the cess rather than leaving information technology all until the last infinitesimal.

Emmanuella Aryee completed her preregistration year with Superdrug in 2020.

Source: Kweku Bimpong

"Check your answers"

Larn to sense check your answers, does your reply make whatsoever sense? Is information technology likely that a six-month old baby volition need one,000 grams per kilogram? On that note, don't forget to check your units.

Kweku Bimpongis a provisionally registered pharmacist who sits on the NHS Youth Forum and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's Early Careers Chemist Advisory Group. He completed his preregistration preparation in 2020.

Source: Steven Cho

"Don't panic"

The questions are bones pharmaceutical calculations and should non differ much from what yous take done in previous years of university so don't panic and just keep an eye on the time. Believe in yourself! Yous've aced these questions before, you tin can ace them again!

Steven Cho is a provisionally registered pharmacist at the Purple Cornwall Hospital and host of The PRN Pod. He completed his preregistration preparation in 2020.

Source: Sally Sosnicka

"Practise, practise, practise!"

Check which types of questions will be covered and practise, practise, exercise! In that location is merely 15 minutes for 10 questions, but y'all'll breeze through some and others might take longer. If there are any you lot are confused nigh, flag them up and come up dorsum to them.

Sally Sosnicka is a GP preregistration trainee who graduated from the University of Due east Anglia in 2020.

Source: Kieran Sproston

"Go dorsum to it"

Managing your fourth dimension effectively can exist challenging. Each question is weighted equally, so if you know a question is going to take a long time, do the other questions start and then go back to it.

Kieran Sproston completed a separate preregistration placement with Pfizer and Paydens Pharmacy in 2020 and now works as a conception scientist for Pfizer.

Additional resource:

The Pharmaceutical Journal Oriel special report for guidance on the Oriel numeracy and situational judgement tests as well as what to wait for in a preregistration placement visit;
Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculations and Pharmaceutical Calculations Workbook available free for students through Pharmacy Noesis, the digital learning platform for pharmacy schools or for £45 through Pharmaceutical Press if bought as a packet.

Nigh the authors

Babir Malik is the Weldricks Pharmacy preregistration lead and teacher practitioner at the University of Bradford and Joanna Domzal-Jamroz is a practise pharmacist based in Scunthorpe.

Neither writer is involved in writing questions for the bodily Oriel numeracy assessment.